| Abstract | Europski je populizam od 60-ih godina 19.stoljeća sve češća tema znanstvenih radova, a upravo je taj pokret doživljen kao jedna od unutrašnjih prijetnji stabilnosti demokratskog sustava i političkog integriteta zemalja Europske Unije. Populizam je definiran kao specifični politički diskurs kojeg obilježava stalno pozivanje na narod i borba protiv korumpiranih elita i demokratskih institucija. Kao pokret i pod vodstvom karizmatičnog vođe uz kojeg jednu od najvažnijih uloga imaju mediji, može dovesti do mobilizacije velikog broja ljudi te ugroziti postojeće demokratske sustave.
Ovaj rad analizira utjecaj populizma na političke događaje u Hrvatskoj tijekom 2016. i 2017. U Hrvatskoj su se u tom razdoblju dogodili presedani. Održani su dvoji parlamentarni izbori, HDZ je izglasao nepovjerenje vlastitoj Vladi, a koalicija HDZ-a i MOST-a pucala je dva puta. Prisutnost populizma kod Vlade Republike Hrvatske i premijera Andreja Plenkovića, kao i opozicije pri donošenju političkih odluka i komunikaciji, praćena je analizom novinskih i internetskih članaka tijekom parlamentarne kampanje 2016., donošenja porezne reforme krajem iste godine, glasanja o povjerenju ministru Zdravku Mariću i kraha Vlade 2017. Analiza je pokazala da predstavnici MOST-a, kao dio pozicije u dvije Vlade tijekom 2016. nisu funkcionirali zajedno te su svoj politički rad temeljili na borbi protiv društvenih i političkih elita. Kao takvi nisu mogli opstati u koaliciji s HDZ-om s obzirom na to da je ta stranka, populistički gledano, dio elite protiv koji se oni bore. Jednako tako, MOST-ovo političko djelovanje temelji se uglavnom na kritici i na pretežno populističkim prijedlozima. HDZ je kao većinski partner u tim dvjema koalicijama pokazao animozitet prema populizmu MOST-a čime je provedba politika izvršne vlasti bila onemogućena te je koalicija pucala dva puta.
Uz MOST, populizam u Hrvatskoj predstavlja Živi zid koji se istaknuo još izraženijom antielitističkom retorikom i borbom protiv postojećih institucija. Zbog izraženog društvenog nepovjerenja u pravosudne institucije kao i zbog čestih medijskih priča o korumpiranim političarima koje samo jačaju populističku retoriku i pridonose uspjehu populizma, populističke stranke u Hrvatskoj poput nekadašnjih Laburista, danas MOST-a i Živog zida, postali su treća opcija u Hrvatskoj. |
| Abstract (english) | From the 1960s European populism is increasingly an issue of scientific work, and that movement is perceived as one of the internal threats to the stability of the democratic system and the political integrity of the European Union. Populism is defined as a specific political discourse characterized by constant calling to the people and the fight against corrupt elites and democratic institutions. Populism is present in bipolar political systems, regardless of the economic and social development of the country and the discourse may be left or right. As a movement and under the leadership of a charismatic leader with the strong role of media, it can lead to the mobilization of a large number of people and endanger the existing democratic systems.
This paper analyzes the influence of populism on political events in Croatia during 2016 and 2017. There have been some precedents in Croatia during this period. Two parliamentary elections were held, the HDZ voted to distrust its own government, and the HDZ and MOST coalitions fired twice. The presence of populism among the Government of the Republic of Croatia and Prime Minister Andrej Plenković, as well as the opposition, in political decision-making and communication, was followed by an analysis of newspaper and internet articles during the 2016 parliamentary campaign, tax reform at the end of the same year, confidence vote for Minister Zdravko Marić and the collapse of Government 2017. The analysis showed that representatives of MOST, as part of the two governments during 2016, did not function together, and their political work was based on the struggle against social and political elites. As such, they could not survive in a coalition with the HDZ since that party, populistically, is part of the elite against whom they are fighting. Furthermore, MOST's political action is based mainly on criticism and predominantly populist proposals. HDZ, as a majority partner in these two coalitions, showed animosity towards the populism of MOST, which disabled the implementation of the executive power policy and the coalition collapsed twice.
Alongside MOST, Živi Zid highlightes even more an anti-elitist rhetoric and a struggle against existing institutions. Because of the apparent social distrust of the judicial institutions as well as the frequent media stories about corrupt politicians who only strengthen populist rhetoric and contribute to the success of populism, the populist party in Croatia, like the former Labourists, today MOST and the Živi Zid, became the third option in Croatia. |
